数字化和人工智能对刑事责任的扩散

数字化和人工智能在很大程度上作用于刑法中的罪责并改变了个人责任的基本概念。对于人类与机器人和人工智能系统之间的合作，要在个案中详细地审查：机器如何参与决定的作出，人类的行为空间如何发挥作用，以及个人的罪责是否被阻却或至少被极大地减轻。完全或在部分范围内让机器作出决定，会对罪责概念以及进一步对刑事责任产生许多问题，包括过失犯的预见可能性、客观归责、不当行为的可证明性等。在刑法上进行新的调整可能是有必要的，这涉及罪责、可归责性、可证明性和量刑，同时必须寻找刑法以外的其他解决方案，以持续防止数字化和人工智能系统对刑事责任的扩散。

The Diffusion of Criminal Responsibility Resulting from Digitization and Artificial Intelligence

Digitization and artificial intelligence have greatly influenced guilt in criminal law and changed the basic concept of personal responsibility.The cooperation between human and robots and AI systems should be examined in detail in concrete cases,i.e.how machines participate in making decisions,how the conduct space of human works,and whether individual guilt is excluded or at least greatly mitigated.Letting machines make decisions wholly or partly would raise many questions about the concept of guilt and further criminal responsibility,including the foreseeable possibility of negligence,objective imputation,and provability of misconduct.New adjustments in criminal law may be necessary in relation to guilt,imputable possibility,provability and discretion of punishment.Meanwhile,other solutions,including criminal law,should be found to continue to prevent the diffusion of criminal responsibility resulting from digitalization and AI systems.