The economic effects of carbon tax on China’s provinces |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;2. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;3. Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Economics and Environmental Management, Beijing 100081, PR China;4. Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, USA;1. School of Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China;2. Jiangsu Energy Economy and Management Research Base, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China;1. The Center for Economic Research, Shandong School of Development, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China;2. School of Foreign Language, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China;3. School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China;1. Development Planning Centre (DPC), Institute of Economic Growth (IEG), Delhi 110007, India;2. Institute for Economic Modeling Studies, New Delhi, India;3. SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering (SRIPE), Beijing 100101, China;4. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;1. Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;2. School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081, PR China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871, China;3. China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China;4. National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan;5. School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2;6. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China;7. School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110136, China |
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| Abstract: | The responsibility for carbon emissions tends to be different under different emission accounting principles. By applying the latest 2012 Chinese multi-regional input–output table, this study evaluated the impacts of carbon tax on tax burdens and sectoral competitiveness in Chinese provinces when considering either production-based or consumption-based emissions. Our results indicated that, in the scenario of cutting production tax for carbon tax, the developed provinces, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, who are much bigger payers of production tax, are net beneficiaries of carbon tax. In contrast, recycling the tax revenues to low-income households makes the less-developed provinces in the central and western China become net revenue receivers. Furthermore, for competitiveness effects, the emission intensive sectors, such as Electricity and hot water production and supply, Petroleum and gas, and Metal products, are impacted vitally under both accounting principles in all provinces. Nevertheless, compared with the production-based principle, a consumption-based carbon tax could reduce the unfavorable competitiveness effects of most affected sectors in the less-developed provinces, while slightly increasing those effects in the developed provinces. Our results provide new information on the regional impacts of carbon tax based two different accounting principles with different tax revenue recycling scenarios. |
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| Keywords: | Carbon emissions Accounting principles Multi-regional input–output analysis China |
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