卓仓藏人的骨系等级婚制及其渊源初探

生活在青海东北部的卓仓藏人 ,根据每个家族有无狐臭体味遗传及其程度 ,把整个社会划分成三个骨系阶层 ,每个阶层就是一个内婚群体。由于经济等方面的原因 ,跨阶层婚姻在卓仓藏人中也是允许的。其中 ,以较高阶层的女性嫁给较低阶层的男性为表现形式的下嫁婚 ,因其社会意义明显而更为常见。这种跨阶层婚姻使社会保持了一定的流动性。本文还对卓仓藏人骨系等级婚制的渊源做了初步探讨 ,认为这一制度源自卓仓藏人的迁出地卫藏地区 ,并进而可追溯到古代印度社会 ,但后来又受到安多藏区地域文化及其他民族文化的影响

On the Hierarchical Marriage of Rus-Pa among the Gro-Tshang Tibetans:The System and Its Origins

Among the Gro TshangTibetans in northeastern Qinghai Province, the whole society is divided into three rus pa (or bones) strata according to whether and to what extent a specific clan gives off armpit odor. Each stratum makes up a endogamous group. However, cross strata marriage is also permitted on account of economic and other causes. Hypogamy, in which a woman of higher status is given to a man of lower status in marriage, is more frequent due to its obvious social significance. This makes the society maintain mobility to a certain extent. Also, the paper makes a preliminary study on the origin of the hierarchical marriage of rus pa (or bones) among the Gro Tshang Tibetans. The author holds that the marriage form originated in Tibet, where the Gro Tshang Tibetans came from, and that it can be further traced back to ancient India. Later, however, the custom came under the cultural influence from the Amdo district and other ethnic groups.