西方公民身份的历史演进与当代拓展

公民身份的历史与人类的历史一样久远.随着时代的发展,西方公民身份理论逐渐呈现出两条主要的支脉:源于古希腊的道德型公民身份和以近代资产阶级思想为基础的权利型公民身份.权利型公民身份在现代社会已经显露出主流之势.但是随着社会的不断发展,现代主流公民身份固有的理论局限使资本主义国家许多领域的发展陷入一个个的困境之中.拓展公民身份以摆脱困境,已经成为西方公民身份发展的基本趋向和现实目标.

Western Citizenship: Its Historical Transformation and Modern Extensions

Citizenship,as the totality of concepts,ideas and institutions directly related with mankind,has a history as long human history itself.The theory of western citizenship has gradually evolved into two schools focusing respectively on the moral-based citizenship of the ancient Greek origin and the right-based citizenship endorsed by modern capitalism,the latter being in the process of becoming the mainstream in contemporary society.Being the mainstream type of citizenship does not mean that it is perfect.As the western society progresses, the inherent theoretical limitations of modern citizenship is causing all kinds of problems in many areas of capitalist development.Therefore,extending citizenship and finding solutions to the various problems represent a general tendency and goal in the development of western citizenship.