狩猎经济文化类型的当代变迁——鄂伦春族、鄂温克族猎民生计调查

进入21世纪不久,随着中国最后一个狩猎部———敖鲁古雅鄂温克民族乡猎民的整体生态移民,狩猎—采集作为一个独立的经济文化类型,在中国悄然消失了。这一文化变故,不仅对于当事民族来说是头等大事,而且对于整个中华民族的文化生态系统来说,也应该具有不小的震动。通过鄂伦春族狩猎文化经济类型的当代变迁、敖鲁古雅鄂温克民族乡生态移民、吉登嘎查鄂温克族猎民村弃猎转牧三个个案的调查,展现出狩猎经济文化类型所走过的坎坷道路和猎民目前的困难处境,并探讨成功弃猎转牧的条件和途径。

The Contemporary Change of the Hunting Economy

With the whole migration of the hunting people of Aoluguya(Ewenki minority group) in the beginning of the 21~(st) century,the last hunting tribe,as an independent economic pattern,faded away.This change is not only the greatest event to those Ewenke people,but also a concussion to the cultural ecological system in China.By the case study of the changing of hunting economy of Oroqen,the ecological migration of Ewenki and the changing from hunting to depasturing of Ewenki,this article shows the hard way that the pattern of hunting economy took and the hard environment the hunting people had.Also the article discusses the conditions and approaches of changing from hunting to depasturing in present time.