20世纪30年代初长江中下游地区赈灾工作略论——仅以华洋义赈会为例

1931年,长江曾发生全流域大洪水,造成中下游沿江多处溃决,给这一地区社会经济发展造成巨大破坏,给群众生命财产带来重大损失。在赈灾工作中,中外人士联合组成的近代中国最大的国际慈善社会团体、非政府组织和非盈利组织——华洋义赈会受国民政府救济水灾委员会的委托,负责制订施赈方案,并主持长江中下游受灾地区的赈灾工作。华洋义赈会通过采取在灾区举办合作讲习会、组织互助社与合作社等措施,使赈灾工作获得相当的成功。通过开展一系列赈灾工作,华洋义赈会把农村信用合作制度引到了长江、淮河流域,对在受灾地区宣传合作思想,指导并推动合作事业发展,完善防灾重于救灾的理念,促使农民从传统的保守状态向符合近代文明要求的状态转变,提高国民素质,起到了一定的推动作用。

On the Relief Work in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Changjiang River in the Early 1930:Taking Chinese Foreign Famine Relief Committee as an Example

There happened floods in the basin of Changjiang River in 1931,which resulted in flood overflowings in the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River and great damages on the economy and the common people’s life and properties.During the relief work,the biggest international,non-governmental and non-profitable charity organization of China in the recent epoch was set up by both Chinese and foreign people,that is,Chinese Foreign Famine Relief Committee,which,authorized by National Government,drew up relief plans and took charge of the specific relief work in the disaster-affected areas of the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River.It did a good job by holding cooperative seminars,credit unions and cooperative societies.With the relief work,the Committee introduced countryside credit cooperation system into the basins of Changjiang River and Huai River,which promoted the publicity of cooperation concept,the development of cooperation cause,the concept of disaster prevention,the change of the farmers to be more civilized and the improvement of national quality.