《张协状元》的产生年代及其戏剧观念

《张协状元》产生在1202年之后。具体理由为:第一,《张协状元》作者使用北宋末期产生的烛影摇红]词调、南宋初期的唐多令]等词牌;第二,《张协状元》作者引用曹豳“山南山北梧桐树”诗歌;第三,《张协状元》的词牌涉及南宋时期的一些特殊技艺,“大影戏”、“刮鼓戏”、“赚”;第四,《张协状元》作者标榜“教坊格范,绯绿可同声”;第五,《张协状元》与之后的南戏作品的形态体制有别。《张协状元》代表着戏剧家的戏剧观念:追求故事的市民情趣与干预生活的创作态度;“戏剧”是“别样门庭”和“别是一家风”;重视娱乐的戏剧功能作用论;滑稽调笑角色与歌舞类角色的混合;初步确立了时空自由处理原则与演员虚拟表演观念。总之,《张协状元》确定了南戏的干预生活的创作态度、市民审美趣味以及虚拟表演观念,是中国戏曲史上的重要作品。

Study on the Written-time and the Drama Concept of Number One Scholar Zhang Xie

This paper is on the written-time and the drama concept of Number One Scholar Zhang Xie.The author said Number One Scholar Zhang Xie should had been written after 1202,because firstly it used "zhuyingyaohong" and Cao Bin's poem;secondly,it absorbed some special arts such as "zhuan","dayingxi"and"guaguxi";thirdly,it ran after Feilü Zaju Party,finally it was different from its consequent Nanxi form.It explained the drama concept of playwriter,pay more attention to the story and criticize the society.Drama is(different) from other art forms,mixes the clown into Nanxi,sets up a series of principles for Nanxi performance.In short,Number One Scholar Zhang Xie is an important Nanxi in the history of China drama.