高校扶贫:目标取向、帮扶模式及提质增效对策

高校是教育扶贫的重要生力军。高校之所以把扶智赋能作为扶贫的根本目标取向,是因为教育亏欠导致困难群体能力贫困、就业半径收窄、精神自我设限及贫困代际传递,也制约着现代农业及新型职业农民的成长培育。经过几年的探索实践,高校已经摸索出“扶业”“扶智”模式、强师帮教双助模式、培才“扶医”送健康模式、“学历+技能双提升”模式及全口径赋能帮扶模式等行之有效、特点各异的帮扶模式。但也存在认识不到位、行为短期化;校地沟通衔接不顺畅,资源整合利用程度低;帮扶缺抓手、培训内容方法不够接地气等问题。要使高校扶贫提质增效,充分彰显大学服务社会功能,应一体谋划,统合系统内资源;着力打好产业帮扶科技牌、立体培训组合拳;拓展“互联网+”帮扶链;把教研课题带到地头田间;充分发挥政府在校、地、企之间的穿针引线作用。

Poverty Alleviation Through Education by Chinese Universities:Aims,Modes,and Suggestions

Universities are the main force of poverty alleviation through education.The reason why universities take poverty alleviation through education with the goal of supporting wisdom and endowment as the essential goal is that the lack of education results in poor ability,narrow employment radius,spiritual self-limitation,inter-generational transmission of poverty among poor groups,and restricts the growth and cultivation of modern agriculture and new professional farmers.After several years of exploration and practice,universities have explored the mode of“supporting industry”and“supporting wisdom”,the mode of both strengthening teaching skills and empowering teachers,the training mode of“cultivating doctors”,the“education+skills double promotion”mode and the all-aspect empowerment and other effective modes with different characteristics.However,problems also exist,such as inadequate understanding and short-term behavior to do so,poor communication between schools and government,low level of integration and utilization of resources,and lack of hands-on assistance,inadequate grounding of training content and methods.In order to improve the quality and efficiency of poverty alleviation in universities,and let universities to fully serve society,plans should be made thoroughly,resources within the system is supposed to be integrated.Besides,industries are supposed to help technology and combine stereoscopic training,the“Internet+”support chain should be expanded,and teaching and research subjects are to be brought to the field,the go-between roles of schools,industries and enterprises should be fully played.