居民消费中“教育文娱”、“医疗保健”的支出差距--基于泰尔指数的测算和分解分析

使用2012-2017年我国居民消费数据,借助泰尔指数测算居民人均消费中教育文娱和医疗保健两个支出项目的消费差距,并按照贫困发生率将全国31个省、市和自治区分为5个区域,再分别计算2013年至2017年我国居民人均教育文娱和医疗保健消费差距的泰尔指数及其分解情况。研究发现:对于教育文娱方面的消费,我国居民消费差距的不平等程度在不断缩小;对于医疗保健方面的消费,农村居民的消费差距的不平等程度在不断缩小,城镇居民的消费差距的不平等程度非但没有缩小,反而有进一步扩大的趋势,所以居民整体消费差距的不平等程度改善的并不明显;居民消费差距的不平等程度都体现出组间不平等程度变小以及组内不平等程度变大的趋势。因此,在深化巩固农村地区脱贫成果的同时,也应进一步着力推动城镇居民收入分配结构的合理化,逐步完善我国教育和医疗体系,缩小城乡差距,防范富裕和贫困地区的差距拉大,做到教育和医疗资源高效、均衡地服务于广大人民群众,最终实现各地区良性、协同发展的目标。

"Education and Entertainment" and "Health Care" Expenditure Gaps in Resident Consumptions:Measurement and Decomposition Analysis Based on Theil Index

Using 2012-2017 Chinese household consumption data,we calculate the consumption gaps of Chinese residents on education-entertainment and health-care by the Theil index.Meanwhile,according to the impoverishment rate,we divide the 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of the mainland of China into five regions,and then respectively calculate the Theil indices and their decomposition on the above two consumption items from 2013 to 2017 in those five regions.The results show that:In terms of the education-entertainment expenditure,the inequality gap between the rural and urban residents’ consumption is shrinking;for the health-care expenditure,the inequality gap within rural residents’ consumption is also shrinking,however,the inequality gap within urban residents’ consumption has further expanded,thus,the improvement on inequality of the overall consumption gap of residents is nol obvious;the change in consumption gaps shows a trend of belweensetinequalities decrease and within-set inequalities increase.Therefore,while deepening and consolidating the achievements of poverty allevialion in rural areas,governments should focus on promoting the rationalization of urban residents’ income distribution structure,gradually improve education and health care system in China and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas to prevent the widening gaps between rich and poor areas,ensure efficient and even distribution of educational and medical resources to serve the masses of the people and finally realize the goal of healthy and coordinated development nationwide.