现代化进程中农业女性化现象研究

农业女性化是许多后发国家现代化进程中普遍发生的一种现象,其深层动力源自市场深化带来的家庭及社会性别分工。从历史上看,轮耕制与犁耕制分别导引了两种不同的农业性别分工模式。就技术层面而言,农业技术进步及其扩散的路径带有一定的性别偏好,进而形成农业女性化的局面。当代中国农业女性化图景的生成大体分为三个阶段:作为劳动力后备军和蓄水池时期的"铁姑娘"、男工女耕时期的农村留守妇女以及异地务农时期的女性"农民农"。作为农业女性化之外的另一种选择,农村妇女进城后的走向,还远未实现其就业主体性,这是以人为本的新型城镇化建设需要考虑的问题。

On Agricultural Feminization in Modernization

Agricultural feminization has been a trend found in many developing countries , of which the family and social gender division during the marketization are considered the most important motivation .Histori-cally,wheel-tillage system and plow-tillage system resulted in two different modes of agricultural gender divi-sion.From a technical perspective ,a certain gender preference can be found in the technological advances in agriculture and its diffusion path ,which led to the agricultural feminization .The process of contemporary Chi-na’s agricultural feminization can be divided into three stages：First,the“Iron Girls”were used as labor re-serves.Then when male workers migrated to cities ,women stayed in the countryside .And finally,women migra-ted with their husbands to cities but are still engaged in farming .However,As another selection of agricultural feminization,the women’s subjectivity of employment has not been given a full play after they move into the city,which should be well considered in the process of the people-oriented new urbanization .