独白，还是对话？——民族志叙述声音分析

传统民族志将作者视为当地文化的代言人，民族志作者拥有绝对的话语权，因而叙述声音呈现出独白的特点。事实上，合作与对话是田野中存在的现实。一方面，人们寄希望于“对话性文本”的写作来克服民族志作者的独白对于田野对话的遮蔽。另一方面，民族志作者又不能放弃话语的最终编排权，“对话性文本”同样要由作者来确定最终的呈现方式。就此而言，完全不受作者独白制约的对话只是革新者的乌托邦梦想。

Monologue or Dialogue:Analysis on Narrative Voice of Ethnography

In traditional ethnography, ethnographers are regarded as the spokesman of native culture. Ethnographers hold the absolute right of discourse ; therefore the narrative voice presents the characteristic of monologue. In fact, cooperation and dialogue as reality exist in the field. On the one hand , ethnographers hope to solve the problem that dialogue in field is covered by ethnographers＇ monologue through the writing of dialogue text . On the other hand the final representational form of dialogue text is still from ethnographer, because ethnographers can＇ t abandon the right of ultimate edit. As a result, the aim of free dialogue without any monologue can only be a Utopia dream.