列斐伏尔:文学与现代性视域中的日常生活批判

列斐伏尔的日常生活批判理论可视为20世纪后半叶思想发展的一个里程碑。就文学和日常生活的关系而言,列斐伏尔在归纳出19世纪以降的失败和挫折、二元对立、奇迹这三大文学主题后,推崇波德莱尔把目光转向当代日常生活,使奇迹题材见出了勃勃生机和原创精神。超现实主义也讲究奇迹,但它一方面终结了传统艺术对日常生活不屑一顾的傲慢,一方面也继承了19世纪文学对日常生活的攻击。奇迹的要害在于将日常生活中的事物、事件陌生化,从而通过对资本主义现代性的批判,酝酿日常生活的革命。就此而言,人必须首先变成"日常的人",然后才能变成"完全的人"。要之,后现代时间转换空间的特点、日常生活审美化的特点,以及文学愈益被边缘化的特点,都可望在列斐伏尔的日常生活批判中追根溯源。

Lefebvre:Critique of Everyday Life in the View of Literature and Modernity

As a landmark in the development of Western thoughts in the late 20th century,Lefebvre's critique of everyday life shows a keen perspective to the relation between literature and everday life since the 19th century,from which three themes are induced:the failure or defeat,the duality,and the marvelous.While appreciating Baudelaire turned himself to everyday life hence presented a dynamic originality in his miracle works,Lefebvre also praises surrealism,for his marvelous theme at one hand terminated contempt...