论休谟“观念”的现象学意义

休谟为了找到确定的知识，彻底地贯彻了经验论，将知识奠基于经验之上。他将知觉分为印象和观念，感觉印象是直接呈现于我们心灵中的，“观念”来自于感觉印象。这样他就找到了最确定、最基本的能够作为一切知识之基础的东西。不仅如此，他还悬置一切实体，将认识从关注外部实在回到自我意识中来。胡塞尔现象学倡导“面向事情本身”，要求面向直观呈现现象，回到纯粹意识。于是，休谟拒绝在现象之外看到非现象的态度与胡塞尔“面向事情本身”的纯粹意识，产生了理念的相似性。

Phenomenology' s Meaning of Hume' s Idea

Hume thoroughly carries out the theory of the experience in order to find the self-evident knowledge based on experience. He divides perception into impression and idea. The impression appears in our hearts directly, and the idea comes from the impression. So, He finds a way to determine the best, the most basic thing which can be used as the basis for knowledge. Not only that, he also suspends all entities, and returns the knowledge to the self-consciousness from the outside. Husserl＇s phenomenology advocates ＂Zu den Sachen Selbst,＂ calling for a intuitive phenomenon and returning to the pure consciousness. As a result, Hume refuse to see beyond the phenomenon, and this attitude is so similar with the ＂ Zu den Sachen Selbst ＂ . At the same time, Husserl thinks that A Treatise of Human Nature has the point of view of phenomenology preliminary, and has the similar meaning of his phenomenology.