基于人口特征的收入差距分解分析——以重庆市为案例

 摘　　要:本文使用2005年全国1％人口抽样调查中重庆市的抽样调查数据，同时采用基于人口特征的收入群体分解和基于回归方程的收入来源分解二种方法考察了重庆市居民的各种人口特征对收入分配差距的影响。研究结果表明城乡差异是现阶段居民收入分配差距偏大的主要原因，特别是城乡居民之间受教育机会、职业选择上巨大的机会不平等将对收入分配差距扩大产生长期的影响。

Decomposing Analysis of Income Gap Based on Population Characteristics:the Case of Chongqing Municipal

The change of incentive mechanism and income distribution system is an important part of economic system reform in China. The change of income distribution system contributes a lot to the great economic growth of China, but the problem of serious income inequality arises which endanger the continuous and healthy economic development in the future. Employing the technique of income decomposition by population subgroups and income decomposition by factors, basing on the data of 1% Sample Survey of Population in Chongqing, the paper studies the impact of population characteristics on income gap. It concludes that the rural-urban income gap is the main factor causing income gap in China, and the huge difference of education attainments and employment opportunities between rural and urban residents will enlarge income gap in long term.