天津居民人力资本回报率及收入差距实证研究

基于天津市575位居民的调查数据，以居民个体及父辈特征为控制变量对人力资本要素与收入的关系进行了统计分析。结果显示：工作经验与学校教育对收入的影响显著；在职培训与健康投入对收入的影响不显著；个体性别、单位性质、职业类型对人力资本与收入关系的控制作用显著；个体教育重要性认知、文体活动参与与父辈教育水平和职业类型对二者关系的控制作用不显著。接受学校教育与积累工作经验是缩小收入差距的根本；女性需要付出更多努力才能与男性收入持平；薪酬政策制定应借鉴外资与港澳台企业的激励措施；社会福利应向低收入群体倾斜；高收入群体应注重学校教育和文体活动参与。

Empirical Research on Human Capital Return and Income Disparity of Tianjin Citizens

Based on a survey data of 575 citizens in Tianjin, this paper examined human capital return and income disparity by setting some characteristics of individuals and fathers as controlling variables. Results showed ： Citizens＇ working experience and education have significant effects on income; Citizens＇ on-job-training and health capital investment have no significant effects on income; The controlling roles of individuals＇ gender, working unit, and occupation in the relationship between human capital and income are significant, but the roles of education cognition, culture and sports participation, and fathers＇ education and occupation are not significant. Conclusions are as follows： Schooling and working experience are two important measures to reduce income disparity; Women have to perform much better than males while getting a same job; Compensation policy setting can learn from the incentive policies of foreign enterprises （ including Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan-owned） ; Low-income groups should be given more social welfare; High-income groups should pay more attention to schooling and recreational activity.