南宋时期江南农村市场与商品经济

南宋时期,江南农村市场快速成长,开始形成较为完整的区域体系。其中,广泛兴起的各种集市将市场活动扩散到农村各个角落,使农民零散的交易活动纳入到一定地域范围的商品流通网络之中,由此发挥出初级市场的作用。镇市则属于更为成熟的市场形式,不仅商品流通规模大,辐射范围广,而且与城市市场和跨地区市场联系密切,因而具有中心市场的特点。在此基础上,江南农村多层次的商品流通日趋活跃,跨地区的市场联系不断加强,进而在一定程度上出现了商品生产的地域分工格局。小农经济也发生相应变化,农村家庭的消费和生产活动逐渐呈现出由传统的自给自足模式向市场供给和商品化生产转变的趋向。但此期江南农村市场和商品经济的发展总体上仍相当有限,且明显受人口增长压力和宋廷赋税货币化政策的影响,某些方面甚至可以说是畸形的繁荣。

On the Rural Market and Commodity Economy in the South of the Yangtse River during the Southern Song Dynasty

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the rural market grew up rapidly in the South of the Yangtse River. The rural fairs sprang up widely, and formed dense network of the elementary markets. The market towns acquired remarkable development, and played the part of center market. On this foundation, commodity circulation in the countryside was active gradually, the market connection between areas was more and more close, and the peasant household production and consumption also started to break through the traditional self-sufficiency pattern. But the development of the rural market was limited and even showed deformed prosperity in some respects.