作为政治的解释学与当代解释学之争

＂作者死了＂和＂抬头阅读＂等的提出标志着当代解释学对读者至上观念的强调已经达到极致。从城邦与哲学永恒冲突的观念出发,施特劳斯提出了＂隶属性＂的贴近阅读原则,试图达到像古典哲人理解自己那样去理解他们,这有力对抗了当代解释学对读者＂生产性＂功能的过度强调,使＂如何理解过去的文本＂再度成为一个问题。在施特劳斯看来,文本并非如当代解释学所认为的只有一种意义,而是同时包含字面意义和隐微寓意两种意义。为了保护哲人免遭迫害、为了保护政治责任和道德基础不被颠覆,过往的伟大哲人往往采取隐微的写作技艺,即向多数俗众传播无害的正统说辞,向少数智慧读者教诲无畏的真理言辞。因此,一部外传作品在施特劳斯那里绝非独立的审美对象,而是一种社会交往方式。研究施特劳斯的隐微写作和双重教诲学说,对勘施特劳斯与当代解释学诸家的理论歧见,对于推进解释学基本问题的深度思考具有重要的学理意义。

The Quarrel of Hermeneutics as Politics and Contemporary Hermeneutics

In the eyes of Strauss,a text is not confined to only one meaning as held by contemporary hermeneutics;actually,it has two meaning: literal meaning and cryptic meaning.To protect philosophers from being persecuted,past philosophers used to communicate harmless conventional ideas and teach truths to the few intelligent readers.Therefore,in his opinion,a work is by no means an isolate aesthetic object,but a way of social intercourse.His opinions are of theoretical significance in promoting the solution of the...