试论退耕还林还草工程可持续发展的主要途径

中西部退耕还林还草工程根据其预期发挥的功能 ,可划分为“生态型”、“生态经济型”、“经济型”三大类。“生态型”退耕还林还草工程可先期收购土地 ,统一造林 ,或将已建成的“生态型”林草植被收归国有 ,仿照天保工程有关规定严格抚育管护。“生态经济型”退耕还林还草工程应建设为立体复合型植被类型 ,经济效益上以短养长 ,而在中后期国家应当允许对退耕地新造林分进行适度间伐利用及合理更新。“经济型”退耕还林还草工程在注重水土保持整地工程质量的前提下 ,自我维持 ,良性发展 ,项目区必须注重农村产业结构调整和劳务输出工作 ,妥善解决退耕后的农村剩余劳动力问题 ,为退耕还林还草工程的顺利实施保驾护航。国家应对非项目区内的受益地区征收生态建设补偿税 ,用于退耕地区的生态环境建设

On the Major Ways of Sustainable Development for the Program of Conversion From Cropland to Forest and Grassland

Based on the expected functions, the Program for Conversion from Cropland to Forest and Grassland (PCCFG) in the central and western regions of China can be divided into three types:namely,ecological type, eco economic type and economic type.For the fist type,it is suggested that the government first purchase steep cropland for unified afforestation or nationalize newly planted or grown vegetation like forest and grassland,and that strict fostering and management measures be taken following the state regulations for natural forest conservation.As for eco\|ecomoic type of PCCFG,the proposal is that vegetation of multi spatial type be construced,with short\|term economic benefits supporting the long\|term ones,and that appropriate rotation and regeneration be allowed in the new stand of the original cropland in the mid\|or\|later maturing stage. The economic type of PCCFG should be managed and developed soundly through self\|maintenance on condition that soil conservation and the whole land quality be guaranteed,and the restructuring of rural industrial framework and the transferring of labor must be stressed in the PCCFG areas,with the surplus labor problem settled appropriately so as to ensure the smooth implementation of the PCCFG.A compensation tax for eco\|construction should be levied on the non\|project beneficiaries to facilitate the ecological environment construction of the PCCFG areas.