正统观念与宋夏和战

中国历史上的正统观念最早起源于远古中原诸夏与四夷的华夷之辨,其内涵主要包括民族正统、政治正统、文化正统,这种内涵反映到史学上则产生了历史正统理论,主要包括华夏之争、大一统思想及五德终始说。宋代君臣的正统观念与西夏李氏政权的正统观念都发挥着各自的作用,直接或间接地影响着宋夏关系。宋夏长达148年的抗衡和战争,与正统问题的处理息息相关。宋夏和战是彼此力量消长的结果,双方政治精英的思想观点也起了很大作用。

Orthodox Ideas and the War of Peace between Song and Xia

The orthodox ideas in Chinese history,which first emerged from the debate between Huaxia and barbarians,consist of three components: national,political and cultural legitimacy,which in turn reflect in historiography,legitimacy of history,including the contention of Huaxia,ideas of unification of the whole country,and the theory of soldiery and loyalty.The legitimacy theory of the emperor and his officials of Song and Xixia had an effect of their own.It influences the relationship between Song and Xia dirtectly or indirectly.The 148 years' confrontation and war between Song and Xia is related to the settlements of issues concerning legitimacy.The war between Song and Xia is the result of the force of both sides(the overall national power mainly determined by economy).But the thoughts and viewpoints of the statesmen of Song and XiXia had a significant function.