关于汉武帝时期工商业制度变迁的两个问题

汉武帝时期进行了盐铁专卖、均输、平准等一系列工商业制度变迁。为了深入探讨这次制度变迁中西汉政府选择官营工商业的原因及其结果,从新制度经济学的视角出发,借助相关制度变迁理论考察认为:之所以选择官营工商业作为增加财政收入的方法,一是因为进行官营工商业的预期收入大于预期成本,可获得巨大的潜在利润;二是与制度变迁的主要决策者和推行者——桑弘羊的偏好和知识存量有关。此次制度变迁使西汉的私营工商业遭到致命打击,则与桑弘羊的有限理性密切相关。

The two questions on institutional changes of industry and commerce in Emperor Wudi period of the Han dynasty

A series of institutional changes such as salt iron monopolization was put into operation in Emperor Wudi period of the Han Dynasty.By using the institutional change theory of new institutional economics the reason and result were discussed.Firstly,the predictive profit weighed more than the predictive cost,and high profit can be attained.Secondly,the preference and knowledge of Sang Hongyang was a significant factor to promote the institutional changes.Why the privately owned industrial and commercial enterprises were fatally suffering from the government of the Western Han Dynasty is related to the limited reason of the main body of the institutional changes.