差别定价闭环供应链协调应对生产成本扰动研究

文章以一个新产品和再造品存在差别定价的闭环供应链为研究对象,考虑突发事件干扰新产品和再造品生产成本的情况,研究了集中式决策闭环供应链的应对策略,以及收益共享契约协调分散式决策闭环供应链的问题。研究表明:在突发事件干扰下,对于集中式决策闭环供应链,当两种产品生产成本的扰动程度均较小时,原稳定环境下的最优产量决策具有一定的鲁棒性;至少一种产品生产成本的扰动程度较大时,受干扰程度较大的产品应按其生产成本扰动相反的方向进行调整其原稳定环境下的最优产量决策,而另一种产品最优产量的调整方向受扰动程度较大产品生产成本的扰动程度、两种产品的替代系数以及额外单位生产或处理成本的影响。对于分散式决策闭环供应链,两种产品生产成本的扰动程度均较小时,原稳定环境下的收益共享契约仍有效;至少一种产品生产成本的扰动程度较大时,则需改进原稳定环境下的收益共享契约以再次协调闭环供应链,且改进后的契约也能够协调稳定环境下的闭环供应链。最后,通过数值算例验证了模型的合理性及契约协调的有效性。

Differential Price Closed-Loop Supply Chain Coordination with Contract under Production Cost Disruptions

Aimed at a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) with differential price between new and remanufactured products, the optimal strategies of centralized CLSC and the coordination of decentralized CLSC with revenue-sharing contract when the costs of new and remanufactured products are disrupted simultaneously are analyzed. The research shows that, in centralized CLSC, the original production plan have some robustness when the costs of two products are both disrupted slightly. When the cost disruption of at least one kind of product is disrupted largely, the original production plan has to be revised. The product which is disrupted largely will be revised in opposite to the direction of cost disruption. The adjustment of the other product is associated with the cost disruption of the largely disrupted product, the substitution coefficient and the extra production cost/disposal cost per unit. In decentralized CLSC, the original revenue-sharing contract under static environment can still take effect when the costs of the two products are both disrupted slightly. However, it is necessary to adjust the original contract when the production cost of at least one kind of product is disrupted largely. Besides, the improved revenue-sharing contract is also effective under static environment. Finally, some numerical examples are given to verify the rationality of the model and the validity of the contract.