汉朝在河西的防御与战略演变

两汉时期,河西因地处蒙古高原、青藏高原、中原和西域四大经济、政治区域的结合部,又是交通要冲,地形险要,因而具有重要的军事战略价值。河西归汉后,面对政治形势和地理形势变化的需要,汉朝在河西的防务建设经历了初创和成熟两个阶段。防御措施不断加强,建立河西四郡、属国,增筑居延、休屠塞;作战方略适时调整,以河西军为主力或偏师与多路大军协同作战,使河西的战略前沿地位日益突出,成为汉朝北伐和西征的必经之地。综观汉与匈奴百年作战的历史,汉朝在河西的防御与战略演变起了重要的作用。

The Han Dynasty's Evolution of Defense and Strategy in the West of Yellow River

As the joint part of four political and economic regions of Mongolian Plateau,Tibetan Plateau,Central Plain,and Western Regions,the western regions of Yellow River played an invaluable role in military strategy in the Han Dynasty.In order to meet the need of political and geographical changes after occupation of these regions,the Han Dynasty's defense establishment in these regions experienced two stages of beginning and maturity.The Han Dynasty strengthened its defense measures by establishing four counties and tributaries,building fortresses of Juyan and Xiutu.It also adjusted its military strategy accordingly by making the army of these regions be the main force or auxiliary force to fight with other armies,which highlighted its military frontline position increasingly and became the inevitable path for the Han Dynasty to fight in the west and north.Taken the hundred war history between the Han Dynasty and Hun into consideration,it can be found that the Han Dynasty's evolution of defense and military strategy played an important role in it.Therefore,this paper attempts to investigate the Hun's fight for these regions,the Han Dynasty's defense measures and its evolution of attack and defense strategies as well,on the basis of which this paper analyzes its reasons from the perspective of geography.