论《尚书》《春秋》的记言叙事艺术

《尚书》是我国第一部历史散文集，主要记言；《春秋》是我国第一部编年体历史著作，专门记事。《尚书》所记之言虽然“佶屈聱牙”，但能围绕中心，分明层次，并运用了多种修辞手法。《春秋》所记之事虽然极其简略，但初步确立了叙事散文的基本规范，叙事系统、严谨，坚持道德原则。而且，《尚书》有许多作品在记言中有叙事成分，亦有以叙事为主的作品。其叙事能根据事情发展的先后次序，条理清晰，首尾完整，富有表现力。《春秋》虽然专门叙事，但在语言运用上的艺术原则和艺术技巧却十分突出，文字表达比《尚书》有明显进步。它们不仅是先秦历史散文的两大源头，而且也是我国记言叙事文之祖。

The art of words-keeping and narration in the book of Shangshu and The Spring and Autumn Annals

The words kept in the book of Shangshu were obscure,but they were terse and many figures of speech were used.Events kept in the spring and Autumn Annals were simple,but the basic rule of narrative prose were established.Words-keeping contained narration in many works in book of Shangshu and also narration took the first place in some works.Although The Spring and Autumn mainly kept event,its language art and skills were bright,literary expressing was much better than the book of Shangshu.