“不过”的主观性与交互主观性建构

“过”在古代汉语中是谓词性成分，表示“时间、空间距离上的经过”，突显客观义。“不过”是否定词“不”与“过”构成的否定结构，前后属状中关系。在语言使用过程中，“不过”发生了词汇化，由“不超过某一限制”引申出“仅仅”、“只”等表示说话人态度、情感的主观义。在前后小句语义方向不一致的语境中，“不过”衍推出转折义，由副词转变为连词，是说话人用以调控听话人认知状态的语言手段，体现交互主观性。从否定结构到副词再到连词，“不过”经历了一个主观性与交互主观性建构的过程。

On the Construction of Subjectivity and Inter-Subjectivity of the Chinese “buguo”

“Guo” in ancient Chinese functions as predicate meaning for the passage of time or passing of a place,which showcases its objective semantic component.“Buguo” in Chinese,which is the negation of “guo”,instantiates a relation of adverbial modifying the predicate.In actual usage,“buguo” is lexicalized and extends its meaning from “within a certain limit” to “only” which expresses speaker’s attitude and affection.When the two clauses linked by “buguo” show contradictory semantics,the meaning of contrast is entailed,thus accompanied by the process of “buguo” becoming a conjunction from adverb with the intersubjective function of regulating the hearer’s cognitive state.On the whole,from predicate to adverb and finally to the conjunction,“buguo” undergoes the construction of subjectivity and intersubjectivity.