转型时期传统宗族复兴的新结构与新功能——基于海口府城的田野调查

为了弄清楚传统宗族在现代化进程中的具体遭遇问题,本文主要通过对20世纪80年代以来海口府城地区各种传统宗族活动如祭始祖、修族谱、建祠堂等的考察,来探讨复兴宗族的新结构与新功能。本文认为,始祖墓祭应当被视为是当代宗族复兴的另一个标准,或者说是一个起点。在宗族组织重建过程中,原有的宗族组织结构已由宗族血缘团体扩展为同姓团体,而且内部成员行动逻辑也出现精英与一般大众的分化。在修谱过程中,长辈与晚辈的修谱动机也出现“公”与“私”的分化,而且新修族谱也呈现出一些新的时代特点。在祠堂修缮过程中,祠堂作为一种社会资本,更多地表现为一种“形式化”的整合,即外联作用的拓展与内聚性作用的弱化。最后,本文考察了转型时期传统宗族复兴的新功能:一是推动民间社会自我开展资源配置;二是增强社会领域的公共性与自主性。

The New Structure and Functions of Traditional Clan Revival in the Transitional Period: A Field Survey of the Haikou Castle

Based on a field survey on various traditional clan activities in the Haikou Castle since the 1980s,such as sacrifice to Founding Fathers,compilation of clan genealogy and construction of ancestral clan halls,this paper attempts to explore the new structure and functions in reviving clan relations so as to understand the issues faced by traditional clans in the process of social and economic modernization.We assume sacrifice to Founding Fathers’tombs is an important criterion or starting-point for clan revival.In the process of clan organization reconstruction,the once blood-tie community is expanded to include the same-surname people,and elites and the mass take their turns in promoting the movement.Similarly,in clan genealogy compiling the motives can be public-oriented or private-oriented while in renovating ancestral clan halls,regarded as a social capital,an integration of forms occurs,that is,the expansion of outward connection and the weakening of inward cohesion.Finally,this paper targets on the new functions of the revival of traditional clans in the transitional period,including the promotion of folk community’s distribution of resources and the strengthening of the publicity and autonomy of social fields.