国家礼制的地方回应:明代乡射礼的嬗变与兴废

乡射礼在明代经历了"重射艺"到"重教化"的功能嬗变,这种变化大约在成化以后,首先自江南开始,然后扩展到各地。乡射礼虽然被制度化,但因与科举之间缺乏联系,从而不受士人和地方官重视,兴废无常的现象十分严重。明代乡射礼的嬗变与兴废,实际上反映了国家意志、地方态度与士人追求之间的冲突与妥协。

Local Respond of State Ceremonial System: Transformation and Declination of Local Shooting Ceremony in Ming Dynasty

Local shooting Ceremony experiences a change from emphasizing shooting skill to civilization in Ming Dynasty,rising primarily in the south of the Long River after the reign of Chenghua and extending to other parts of the country.Although local shooting Ceremony is systemized,it has no connection with the Im- perial Examination,resulting in the neglect of senior and local officials and a changeful state.The transfor- mation and declination of Local shooting Ceremony in Ming Dynasty reflect the conflict and compromise a- mong state's will,local attitude and pursuit of senior officials.