美国电子证据开示变革及对我国的启示

新的美国《联邦民事诉讼程序规则》要求当事人尽早处理电子证据开示问题,对因疏忽而出示特权保护的文件规定了“收回”条款,规定了因正常操作而导致电子存储信息的灭失的“安全港”条款。然而,美国电子证据开示制度与欧盟隐私保护法及其他国家的障碍立法等存在明显冲突。为解决冲突,最有效的方式是修订《海牙取证公约》,对域外电子证据开示的问题予以规定。研究美国的电子证据开示制度也可以得出一些对我国有益的启示,主要包括：完善电子证据开示的相关立法;制定个人数据保护的法律;借助公约或双边条约减少与美国电子证据开示的冲突;提高对美国电子证据开示制度的认识等。

On the Revolution of E-Discovery in the U.S. and its Implication for China

The new Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require the early attention of parties to E-discovery issues,establish claw back procedure for inadvertently produced privileged documents,and include the"safe harbor" provisions with respect to ESI lost as a result of the routine operation of an electronic information system.However,E-discovery in the U.S.is in conflict with the legislations of privacy and blocking statutes in the EU.In order to resolve the conflicts,we should modify the Hague Evidence Convention.Studying the E-discovery in the U.S.,We can also draw some useful implications for China,which include improving legislations about E-discovery,enacting personal data legislation,using the Hague Evidence Convention or bilateral treaty with the United States to reduce E-discovery conflicts,improving the awareness of the U.S E-discovery,etc.