多维框架下的中国不平等测度及分解

新时期中国不平等问题表现出新的特征，传统的单一维度不平等已经无法反映现今不平等问题的多维性特点。本文将量化不平等的视角从一维拓展到多维，基于单维不平等合成多维不平等等三种方法测度了收入、教育、医疗多维不平等程度，同时还完成了对多维不平等指数的分解。结果表明，中国社会整体的多维不平等程度逐步加深，收入不平等依旧是贡献程度最大的单维不平等。本文得到的一个重要政策建议是认识和解决不平等问题必须注重单一维度和多维相结合；收入差距缩小并不代表多维不平等的同步改善，政府应该通过政策手段来进一步发挥在民生领域，特别是教育、医疗领域的调控作用。

Inequality measurement and decomposition in China under multidimensional framework

In the new period, inequality in China has new features, and traditional single-dimension inequality is unable to adapt to the multidimensional nature. This paper extends the perspective of quantitative inequality from one dimension to multiple dimensions, measures the multidimensional inequality of income, education and medical treatment using three methods, and gives the decomposition of multidimensional inequality index. It shows that the multidimensional inequality in China has improved from 2010 to 2014. The income inequality is still the one with the biggest contribution. The suggestion is that it is important to combine single dimension inequality with multidimensional inequality for understanding and solving the inequality problem. The narrowing of income gap does not mean the simultaneous improvement of multidimensional inequality. It should formulate targeted policies for people's livelihood, especially in the fields of education and medical care to reduce the differences and avoid deepening the multidimensional inequality.