城乡居民收入差距的变化及政策因素分析

改革开放以来，中国的城乡居民收入差距呈阶段性的变化，从1978-1984年逐年缩小，1985-1990年略有扩大，但基本未超过改革开放前的水平。进入20世纪90年代，这一差距迅速扩大，目前已经超过了世界一般国家的水平。城乡居民收入差距呈阶段性变化的原因是复杂的，但在市场经济不发达的条件下，政府的政策无疑是重要的影响因素。其中，宏观经济政策、体制改革政策、收入分配政策、对农业的保护政策等都直接影响城乡居民收入差距的变化。本文分阶段对中国城乡居民的收入差距进行了政策性因素分析。

Transformation of the income gap between the urban inhabitants and the rural inhabitants and analysis of its policy factor

The income gap between the urban inhabitants and the rural inhabitants in China assume staggered transformation since the reform and openning.It was continuosly down from1978to1984,and slightly expanded from1985to1990,but was not basically in advance the level before the reform and opening.After1990,this gap is rapidly expanding,and has been exceeded the level of most countries at present.The cause is complex,but government policy is undoubtlly an important factor in the case of underdeveloped market economy.Among these policies,macro-economic policy,system reform policy,income distribution policy and pretected agricutrural policy all direcyly affect transinformation of the income gap between the urban inhabitants and the rural fihabitants.