对英国铁路改革中一些问题的产权分析

本文试图用产权分析解释英国铁路民营化改革过程中出现的一些问题.分析认为改革初期设计的铁路管制体系使得路网公司Railtrack成为被强化管制的企业,其产权残缺严重是导致Railtrack日后因破产被政府接管的主要根源之一;彻底的"网运分离"大大增加了铁路产业内部的企业合作界面,带来了高昂的交易成本;将运输安全置于公共领域,没有专设安全监督机构,安全的"公地悲剧"是连续发生重大事故的主要原因之一;缺少对车辆等设备资产专用性的深入认识,结果使本应属于一体化的车辆部门被不合理分离.

Analysis of Property Rights on Problems of the British Railway Reform

Based on the way of analysis of property rights, the paper attempts to explain the problems occurred in the British railway reform. After the privatization of the BR railways, Railtrack became a strictly regulated company because of the regulatory systems, and its truncation of property rights was one of the root causes for Railtrack recently be taken over by the government; the outright break-up of the British Rail greatly increased the cooperation interfaces among the railway industry, caused costly transaction costs; the reform put the safety on the public domain, without specially set up safety monitoring sector, the public tragedy of safety was one of the root causes for continuing happened severe accidents; the high level of assets specificity of rolling stock has not been deeply taken into account,the vertically separation blindly replacing the vertically integrated of rolling stock sectors with the operation companies.