从联邦化的双向进路与两面运作看西方联邦制

联邦制的恰当定位是介于完全分离的自治体与高度集权的单一制之间。从这一理论定位出发，该文不仅描述了联邦化的双向进路--由完全分离的自治体走向联邦制和从高度集权的单一制转型为联邦制，而且分析了联邦化的两面运作--国家的一体化与区域的自治化，并由此揭示联邦制的实质乃是在全国性政府与区域性政府之间通过立宪进行权力分配以实现国家的统一治理与区域的多元自治的一种制度安排。

Federalism: From the Perspective of Dual Path and Dual Operation of Federalization

The proper position of federalism is between the completely separated autonomy and highly centralized unitary system. Based on this theoretical position, this article not only describes the dual path of federalization: the path from completely separated autonomy to federalism and the path from highly centralized unitary system to federalism, but also analyzes the dual operation of federalization: national integration and regional autonomy. It argues that the essence of federalism is a kind of institutional arrangement which divides authority between national government and regional government through constitution so as to achieve the unified national governance and multi-regional self-governance.