来库古政制改革辨析

斯巴达来库古改革问题多年来一直是国际希腊史学界争议的问题。根据古代研究资料分析及对近、现代考古发掘成果和研究成果的辨析,得知,来库古确有其人,来库古改革也实有其事,时间在公元前830年左右。来库古改革的各项措施以“瑞特拉”神谕的形式流传下来,对斯巴达的政治制度产生了数世纪的影响。来库古的政制改革不仅使斯巴达从此由氏族社会阶段进入阶级社会阶段,使斯巴达国家由王政转变为贵族政制,而且为以后数百年的政治稳定,军事强大奠定了基础,对斯巴达古典时代的强盛产生了积极的历史后果。

On Lycurgi Constitutional Reform

Lycurgi reform in ancient Sparta is a focus of dispute in studying ancient Greek history. On the basis of analysis of ancient historical materials and of modern archaeological excavations and researches, I may suggest in this paper; (1) Lycurgus is a real historical man; (2) His reform which took place about 830 B. C. existed as a true event; (3) His reform measures which came down as oracle "Rhetra" greatly impacted on Spartan political institution for several hundred years; (4) His political reform changed Sparta from a clannish society into a class society, from a regal government into an aristocratic one; (5) His political reform not only laid the foundation for Spartan political stabilization and military superiority for several hundred years but also led to the mightiness of classical Sparta.