中、西文学“民间”理念之比较

19世纪西方民俗学创立,20世纪中国民俗学诞生,分别在各自特定的历史时期关怀"民间",其出发点有着一致性,也有相异之处;中、西方对"民间"之"民"的理解存在着差异性,不同的文化精神也使得"民间"的内涵同中有异;反映在文学领域,西方文学秉承"民间"人文精神,张扬个性、思想自由,文学创作指向人类的终极关怀,并表现出自下而上(个人指向人类)的特征;中国文人则始终没有摆脱"民众导师"的立场,自上而下地俯视人间(民间),这一特点主宰着文艺创作.

Comparisons of the "Folk" Ideas between Chinese and Western Literature

The Study of Western Folklore was established in 19th century, while the Study of Chinese Folklore was set up in 20th century. During each of the two specific periods, they study the world respectively. Although minds were shared, differences did exist. The common people of the East and the West have different knowledge of the ideas of "folk". Different cultural background also differs in implicative "folk". In the field of literature, the western literature follows the spirit of the common people with personality and free thinking. The literary works focus on the eternal concern of human being, characterized by sublimation. On the other hand, the Chinese scholars wanted to be tutor of the people from the beginning. They look down at the common people (the folk). This character also dominates literary works.