前秦苻坚与后秦姚兴之汉文化特征及其现代启示——以汉武帝以降“崇儒兴学”的汉文化传统为中心

魏晋南北朝是中国历史上多民族文化交融的重要时期，其间正当两晋南朝玄风弥漫之际，十六国北朝却儒风雄劲。从十六国中后期开始，前秦苻坚、后秦姚兴等胡族统治者大力吸取汉、魏、晋以降汉族统治者的治国之道，颇具以“崇儒兴学”为中心的汉文化特征，不仅极大地推动了前秦、后秦政治、经济、文化诸项事业的发展，而且有力地推进了整个十六国北朝的民族大融合。比较探究苻坚与姚兴的汉文化特征，不仅有助于从文化层面进一步了解十六国中后期的历史发展及其基本规律，而且对当前进一步推进科教兴国和人才强国战略、大力弘扬中国传统文化、提高全民族科学文化素质均具有较大的启示。

Characteristics and modern enlightenment of Han culture of Fu Jian in pre-Qin Dynasty and Yao Xing in post-Qin Dynasty:focused on Han culture tradition of "worshiping Confucianism and vitalizing education" after Emperor Wu of Han Dynasity

The period from the Kingdom of Wei,Jin Dynasty to Southern and Northern Dynasties was noticeable for the ethic fusion in Chinese history,during which while metaphysics is prevailing in two Jin Dynasties and Southern Dynasty,Confucianism was exceeding prevalent in Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasty.From the mid-later stage of Sixteen Kingdoms,the rulers from the Northern Barbarian tribes,such as Fu Jian from pre-Qin Dynasty and Yao Xing from post-Qin Dynasty,learned a lot of country-governing principles from Han rulers after Han,Wei and Jin Dynasties,which characterized as Han culture that centered to "worshiping Confucianism and vitalizing education".It not only enormously promoted the political,economic and cultural developments of pre-Qin Dynasty and post-Qin Dynasty,but also greatly accelerated the ethnic fusion of Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasty.To compare and study the characteristics of Han culture of Fu Jian and Yao Xing is not only helpful for further understanding the historical development and its basic rules from cultural dimension during mid-later stage of Sixteen Kingdoms,but also has great enlightenments for further promoting the strategy of revitalizing the country by science and technology and strengthening the country by talents,actively carrying on and promoting Chinese traditional culture,and improving the scientific and cultural qualities of the whole nation.