《张家山汉简·二年律令》所见汉初国家对基层社会的控制

《张家山汉简·二年律令》反映出国家政权对基层社会进行控制方面的内容,多为传世文献所失载。从政权对基层社会的管理范围看,主要有人口、商业秩序和公共事务等几个方面。从调控的手段看,利用以户籍为核心的簿籍制度对人口和财产等的管理,使用爵作为一种激励机制,以及运用乡里和亲族连坐等法律条文是其主要方式。此外,对基层官吏的保护和整饬也是不能忽视的一个方面。

The State Control of Base Society in Early Han Dynasty Discovered in "Second-Year Laws, Zhang Jia Shan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty"

"Second-Year Laws, Zhang Jia Shan Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty" reflects the control of state power over the basic society, which is not recorded in most of handed-down documents. As for the managerial scope of the state power over the basic society, it mainly includes population, commercial order and public affairs. As for the means of control and adjustment, the chief methods are the management of population and property by census register system, with residence registration as its core, a mechanism of encouragement by rank and salary, and the applying of punishment law for being neighborhood and kinsman with offenders. Moreover, the protection and rectification of the lowest government officials is also not to be neglected.