钱穆的人文历史认识思想述论

钱穆是中国近现代史学史上儒家人文主义史学家的代表 ,他从历史的人文性和人文科学认识的独特性对历史认识问题作了阐述。他继承和发展了中国传统哲学的认识论思想 ,探讨了认识的起源和形成 ,阐发了在人文界认识的体用不二性和人文性。他深入分析了人文科学的认识方式及其特征 ,即重经验、直觉和综括 ,寓价值观与仁慈心 ,这和自然科学认识方式是绝然不同的。进而他还就历史认识的主观性进行了具体分析。钱穆的人文历史认识思想既有积极合理的方面 ,也有局限和错误 ,需要正确分析对待。

On Qian Mu's Cognition of Humanistic History

Qian Mu is a representative of Confucianist humanistic historian in modern Chinese history. He expatiated the epistemology of history based on the humanistic history and the characteristic of the recognition of literae humaniores. He inherited and developed the epistemology of Chinese philosophy, probed into the formation and development of cognition, illustrated Substance and Function in One and the humanistic characteristic on the cognition of literae humaniores. He thoroughly pointed that the mode of knowledge of literae humaniores is completely different from that of natural science by emphasizing the experience, sentiment, intuition, benignity and value in cognition. He also studied the subjectivity of historic cognition. His thought not only has rationality but also falsity of which we should have a critical study.