政治斗士与敌手:1960年代中苏边界关系——对中苏边界问题的历史考察之二

1960年代,随着中苏两党分歧加深,两国关系逐渐恶化,中苏之间的界务纠纷开始逐渐被政治化,中苏边界斗争出现了一个随着中苏两党政治斗争起伏而波动的形势。中共中央对苏方针的基调由让步、调和转变为主动进攻和以斗争为主之后,中国政府解决中苏边界问题的指导方针也相应发生变化,公开提出了中苏之间存在不平等条约问题。1964年中苏举行第一次边界谈判,两党大论战造成的思想上的敌对情绪,使中国摆出了进攻姿态。谈判最终破裂后至1968年初,中苏边界冲突逐渐升级,次数、范围、形式和规模都发生了变化。此后,中苏双方进行了反复较量,《中苏友好同盟互助条约》名存实亡。毛泽东作出打开中美关系僵局的重大决策,随着中美关系的解冻,中苏同盟彻底破裂,两国关系最终转入政治、军事上的对抗阶段。在此背景下,中苏第二次边界谈判至1978年6月止,也未能达成任何协议。

Political Fighters and Adversaries: Sino-Soviet Border Relations in the 1960s -- the second research on Sino-Soviet border relation

In 1960s, with the political differences deepened between Parties of China and Soviet Union, the relation- ship between two countries had been gradually going worse and worse. The border disputes therefore were beginning to be politicized and heated up and down in conformity to the political arguments. With the development of the diplomatic normalizations between Sino and USA, the Sino-Soviet relationship was going from bad to worse and eventually became antagonized against each other on both political and military aspects. Under such background, the 2nd round of border negotiations between China and Soviet Union from Oct. 1969 to June 1978 was a marathon talks with nothing to be agreed and finalized.