设区的市开展地方立法面临的挑战及其应对

修改后的《立法法》全面赋予设区的市地方立法权.这是深化地方改革、扩大地方自治权的必然要求,也是增强社会活力、促进经济社会发展的客观需要.但由于此次大规模赋权中,立法机关在系统性、整体性、协同性和前瞻性等方面考虑得不够充分,加之立法解释的滞后性和相关配套制度的欠缺,使得地方立法权主体扩容面临着诸多风险与挑战.这些风险与挑战主要体现在设区的市的立法权限范围、立法能力、地方保护主义和部门利益法制化三个方面.新形势下,加强和改进地方立法工作,需要充分发挥地方人大及其常委会在立法中的主导作用,厘定设区的市的地方立法权限范围,加强设区的市的立法能力建设,加强省、自治区人大常委会的立法指导、监督,建立健全对设区的市的地方立法权的定期评估制度.

Study on the challenge and countermeasures of local legislation in the city with districts

The revised legislation law gives full scope to the local legislative power of the cities with districts.This is an inevitable requirement for deepening local reform and expanding local autonomy,as well as the objective need to liberate and strengthen social vitality and promote the economic and social development. However,because the systematic,holistic,collaborative and forward-looking thinking of the legislature is not very thorough,coupled with the lag of legislative interpretation and the lack of the relevant system,this massive empowerment makes the expansion of the subject of local legislative power face many risks and challenges. These risks and challenges are mainly embodied in three aspects:the scope of legislation,the legislative ability, the local protectionism and the legalization of departmental interests.Under the new situation,in order to strengthen and improve the local legislative work,we should give full play to the leading role of local people's congresses and their standing committees in local legislation,clarify the local legislation scope,strengthen the legislative ability building of the cities with districts,strengthen the legislative guidance and supervision of the standing committees of the provinces and autonomous regions,establish and perfect the regular assessment system on the local legislative power of the cities with districts.