故意杀人案件死刑限制之被害人过错情节的提取与界定

最高人民法院《全国法院维护农村稳定刑事审判工作座谈会纪要》《关于为构建社会主义和谐社会提供司法保障的若干意见》中均有关于被害人一方有明显过错或对矛盾激化负有直接责任的,以及因被害人方过错引发的案件,一般不应判处死刑立即执行或应慎用死刑立即执行的规定,从而使被害人过错情节在故意杀人案件中发挥着重要的死刑限制功能.以上文件虽然明确被害人过错情节的提取应遵循“明显过错”“直接责任”“引发”这样的原则,但该原则如何界定,相关部门并未作出细化解释,实践中多依法官的自由裁量加以解决.在提倡量刑规范化的当下,遵循类型化思路,归纳提炼“明显”“直接责任”“引发”型被害人过错的界域,对于被害人过错情节在故意杀人案件中发挥的死刑限制功能,具有重大的司法意义.

The victim fault's extraction and definition which limit death penalty in intentional homicide case

The Supreme People''s Court''s National Court Maintaining Rural Stability in Criminal Trial Work Symposium Summary and Several Opinions on Providing Judicial Safeguarding for Building a Harmonious Socialist Society both have rules about "if the victim party has obvious fault or has direct responsibility for the situation,and in cases caused by the fault of the victim party,generally death sentence with immediate execution should not be imposed or should be imposed cautiously",so that the victim fault plot could play an important death penalty restriction function in intentional homicide case. But how to define "obvious fault","direct responsibility",and "cause",relevant departments have not made detailed explanation,and in practice it is often solved by the discretion of the judges. In promoting the standardization of sentencing,following the idea of typification and summarizing the boundary of the victim fault have great judicial significance for the death penalty limitation function of the victim fault in intentional homicide case.