中国典当行业监管立法及其完善——评《典当行业监管规定》

典当行业复建30余年来,虽然取得了不错的经营成绩,但是关于行业监管理论的认知存在一定误区,监管制度建设亦存在不足.理论认知方面尤其对机构的金融机构属性认知存在偏差,在设立许可、典当行名称等方面也有误区.监管制度上,专门性行业监管立法理念陈旧、不合理等限制了典当行的经营自由,存在立法体例欠科学,个别制度规范设计与其他法规范相冲突,立法技术欠缺,法律概念使用不准确等问题.比较相邻部门法的立法例,考查国外立法经验,科学的典当监管立法模式应采用统一的《典当行法》,适当扩大典当行经营范围,使其回归金融专业监管体制,采取国家集中监管与自律监管相统一的模式,建立健全完善的典当法律体系.

The regulatory legislation and its improvement of China's pawn industry: To discuss the Provisions on the Regulation of the Pawn Industry

China''s pawn industry has been rebuilt for more than 30 years,although it has achieved good business results,there are some misunderstandings about the theory of industry regulation,and the construction of supervision system is also inadequate. In theoretical cognition,there is a bias in the cognition of the financial institution attribute of the institutions. Also,there are some misconceptions in the establishment license and the name of the pawn. As for the regulatory system,specialized industry regulatory legislation concepts are antiquated,which unreasonably limits the business freedom of pawnshops. There are some problems like,the legislation style is not scientific,the design of individual system specification is conflict with other regulations,the deficiency of legislative technology,the incorrectly usage of legal concepts,remain to be solved. Through a comparative analysis of the adjacent department law legislation and the legislative experience of foreign countries,scientific pawn supervision legislation model should adopt a unified Pawnshop Law,expand appropriately the pawn business scope,regress financial supervision system,adopt a unified mode of centralized supervision and self-discipline supervision,and establish and perfect the legal system of pawn.