中国环境大部门体制改革的逻辑

传统的以环境保护部门权力升格和机构独立为核心的改革无法破解机构过多、职能交叉、协调困难等体制难题。在“大环保”理念下,“职能整合”和“机构重组”是超越传统改革路径,优化环境管理结构的基础。组织结构、生态系统管理和外部性是环境大部门体制设计的理论逻辑;国外成功的整合模式和国内多样性的地方实验成为环境大部门体制改革的经验逻辑。理论设计和经验做法能否采纳取决于政治逻辑下平衡权力和利益的考量。一般而言,中央层面的改革,更多地遵循政治和经验逻辑;地方层面的整合更有可能采纳经验和理论逻辑。渐进式改革应给予地方多样性实验空间,以便实现环境大部门体制改革三重逻辑的统一。 

The Logic of Reform on the Super-environmental-ministry System

Traditional reform of environmental protection department, which depended heavily on both the expansion on powers and increase in dependency, can not avoid problems of excessive amount of sections, structure-complexity, and coordinative barriers.Adhering to the idea of ecosystem management, we should focus on the function intergration and sector restructure, so as to refine the basis of environmental management.The ideal design of super-environmental-ministry system should contain two parts.The first is theoretical logic, which includes organization structure, ecosystem management and externalities.The second is empirical logic, which contains successful experience at home and abroad.The balance of political power and interests is the sole criterion of the approaches.Generally speaking, central-level reform depend more on the political and experimental logic, while local-level reform may adopt both the experimental and theoretical logic.Gradual reform should leave more space for local experiments, and that will help to realize the unity of triple logic on the reform of SEM system.