上控视野下的法、社会与国家——兼评日、美学者之间的一场论争

“上控”不同于我们今天所说的“上诉”。“上诉”是诞生于西方语境之中的概念与制度 ,它与民族 -国家、公民、权利等等一系列概念装置紧密地联系在一起。而清代的纠纷解决、决讼断狱主要诉诸于“冤抑”、“伸冤”之类的话语表达。在这样以“家 -国 -天下”为背景的等级差序结构里 ,解决纠纷或审案的过程从本质上讲就是一种关系的调整 ,是两造在第三方——德性、智慧或统治的权威的带领下对自己原本的位置和自己应该在的位置不断展开思考和达成共识的过程。

Law, Society and State in the View of Shangkong

Shangkong differs from the so-called "Appeal" of today. "Appeal" originated from the concepts and systems in the context of Western culture, closely related to such conceptual apparatus as nation-state, citizen and right. On the other hand, the settlement of disputes and trials in the Qing dynasty mainly depended on such expressions as "Yuanyi" and "Shenyuan". Within this hierachically ordered structure grounded by "family-state-universe", the process of settling dispute or inquisition is essentially the adjustment of relations, ie., the process that both parties in a lawsuit, led by the third party--dharma, wisdom or the authority of governance, continuously think about and come to consensus on their own original position and their expected position.