汉法存现句对比研究

汉语与法语的存现句有共性,均可描述场景,表示存在、出现、消失、变化。文章主要是探讨差异。汉语的存现句的前段是表处所与时间的名词,在句首多作主语,少数作状语;这些词语在法语中只作状语,放到句首句尾均可,在“il y a”结构中只能放在句尾。处所与时间名词同时出现时,汉语中必有一个是主语,另一个是状语;法语中两个全是状语。汉语存现句的时间名词对动词没有影响,法语的时间状语对动词有时态影响。

A Contrast of "There be" Sentences in Chinese and French

There is something in common between the "there be" sentences in Chinese and French.Both can be used to describe the circumstances of existence,occurrence,disappearance,and changes.The aim of this paper is to discuss about their differences.The forward part of the "there be" sentences in Chinese are nouns expressing location and time,and they serve as subjects at the beginning of the sentences with few as adverbials.While these words could only serve as adverbials in French,and they can be put at either the beginning or the end of the sentences,with the exception of "il y a" structure,in which they can only be put at the end of the sentences.When the nouns of time and place appear at the same time in Chinese,one of the nouns must serve as subject while the other serve as adverbial,but in French both of them serve as adverbials.The noun of time in Chinese does not have an influence on its verb,while the adverbial of time has an influence on the tense of the verb.