“辟兵”心理之民俗形态研究

中国古代由于朝代更替,战争频繁,无数军士战死沙场,尸骨无存,成为孤魂野鬼,因此民间形成＂辟兵＂心理,虽然这种心理在四种民俗形态中得到体现,即＂镇物傩止＂、＂实物祭祀＂、＂傩舞驱逐＂、＂塑形祠祀＂形态,但没有形成一个完整的＂辟兵＂习俗,这四种民俗形态的原初＂辟兵＂含义也随着时间推移发生变化,民间通过有形手段规避和精神、心理超越的方式将＂辟兵＂心理慢慢转换为乐生心态,这种变化充分反映了下层民众积极乐观的生活态度。

The Folk Modality of Mentality of"Escaping Soldier Ghost"

Due to the subrogation of dynasties and frequent wars in ancient China,a large number of soldiers fought to death and became ghosts.Thus the mind of ＂escaping soldier ghost＂ came into being among the folks,which is embodied in four folk modalities in the folk society,such as prevented,sacrificed by materials,expelled by Nuo dance,sacrificed by image-building,and the primordial meaning changes in the passage of time.Through avoiding ghost by some visible ways and transcendental psychology,the folks have gradually converted the mentality of ＂escaping soldier ghost＂ into that of positive living,this change has reflected the positive and optimistic living attitude of the lower mass.