政府绩效测量的热点问题——来自美国的经验教训

绩效测量已成为过去60年美国管理改革的焦点。美国在这段时间,各级政府不仅致力于解决与测量相关的特定议题,而且还利用绩效信息进行政府决策。在回顾了美国政府绩效测量的历程的基础上,从三方面展开讨论:美国公共部门绩效测量历史的简要回顾,其主要内容与各种预算改革息息相关;美国绩效测量的现有议题,包括导致绩效测量成功的特殊因素,绩效信息使用的可能性,以及有效进行绩效测量的障碍;政府在实施以绩效为基础的管理改革时,需要具备的重要能力。以期与其它尝试以绩效为核心进行改革的国家一起分享从这个历程中所总结的经验教训。

Current Issues in Government Performance Measurement-Lessons from the United States Experience

The measurement of performance has been a focus of management reform activity in the United States for the past 60 years. Over this time, governments at all levels have struggled with specific issues related to measurement, as well as the use of performance information to make governmental decisions. This paper is intended to review the U.S. experience and share some lessons that can be drawn from this experience that may be relevant to other countries attempting to enact performance, focused reforms. In doing so, the paper will proceed in three sections: A brief overview of the history of public sector performance measurement in the United States much of which is connected to efforts to enact various budgeting reforms; Current issues in U.S. performance measurement, including particularly critical factors contributing to success, the possible uses of performance information, and obstacles to effective performance measurement; and Important capacity considerations for governments seeking to pursue performance-based management reform.