陆西星《方壶外史》“以儒诠道”的三重维度及思想探析

陆西星《方壶外史》“以儒诠道”的思想特色有三重维度：首先,作为一代道教宗师,陆西星独辟蹊径地指出儒家的“存心养性”即是修真之要。“存心”是陆西星东派修炼筑基炼己第一层功夫。“养性”之说乃陆西星东派丹法功夫得药归鼎之后,丹法中对火候的掌握,其最关键处在于“自然”。其次,陆西星“以儒诠道”的根由在于“二圣不异”,同于“理一”,且二圣之教皆教人归返复本,皆以“不争”为入道之机。最后,陆西星“以儒诠道”有着自己鲜明的宗派立场,陆氏对传统儒家思想并非一概吸收认同,这集中表现为其对“吾儒”的批判。陆西星“以儒诠道”的思想特色具体阐明了儒家道德理性如何走向生命实践的功夫路径。

A Study on Three Dimensions and Ideological Characteristics of Lu Xixing's Interpretation of Taoism with Confucianism in Fang Hu Wai Shi

Lu Xixing''s Interpretation of Taoism with Confucianism has three dimensions. First, as a master of Taoism, Lu Xixing takes on a unique way and points out that "cultivating one''s mind and preserving one''s original good nature" is the key to Taoist self-cultivation. "Cultivating one''s mind" is the first level of Lu Xixing East School''s self-cultivation. "Preserving one''s original good nature" is the mastery of the fire after getting golden elixir. Second, the reason why Lu Xixing puts forward the idea of interpretation of Taoism with Confucianism lies in the fact that both Taoism and Confucianism are similar to much extent. Both schools advocate Li and Yi,teach people how to return to the original, and consider Bu Zheng as the key to Taoism. Third, Lu''s interpretation of Taoism with Confucianism shows his distinct sectarian position, and he does not inherit and pass down all the traditional ideas of Confucianism, which is mainly reflected in his criticism of Wu Ru. Lu''s Interpretation of Taoism with Confucianism shows the exact ways of how Confucian''s moral principles go towards self-cultivation or body practices.