美国“积极行动”政策简评

民族政策分两类：非歧视政策和民族优惠政策。非歧视就是在社会生活的各个领域禁止基于民族、种族、肤色和族源的一切形式的歧视。民族优惠政策，是指国家对特定少数民族采取特殊的照顾和优惠措施。民族优惠政策在美国被称为“积极行动”政策。经过二十世纪五、六十年代的民权运动，美国在法律上已经确立了非歧视原则，但“积极行动”政策却充满了争议。

A Brief Comment on the "Affirmative Action" of the American Government

Ethnic policies can be either non-discriminative or preferential.Non-discriminative policies are those that prohibit discrimination based on ethnicity,race,color,origin and gender in all fields.Preferential policies are those that offer special measures to help ethnic minorities in education,employment,health care and other fields.The latter are called "affirmative action" in the USA.Since the civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s the American government has kept non-discriminative principles in law.Nevertheless,the policies of "affirmative action" remain controversial in the USA.