论近代早期英国学徒的社会关系

学徒是近代早期英国城镇中的重要群体，他们因身份独特与家庭、行东及国家形成多层面关系。从父母与学徒关系看，英国父母对子女并非冷漠严厉，而是着眼长远，慎重安排；学徒期间，行东与学徒也并非纯粹阶级关系，而是结成相对平等的伙伴关系模式；面对学徒的“调皮捣蛋”，政府从父权制文化立场出发，对他们既保护又管制。新社会史视角下的学徒社会关系，呈现出复杂多样的外貌特征。

On the Social Relations of Apprenticeships in the Early Modern Britain

Abstracts:Apprenticeship is an important social group in the early modern English towns .They form multiple social relations with families ,shop ownerships ,and states because of their unique iden‐tity .As for the relations of apprentice with parents ,the English parents are not cold or hard to their children but prudent for the long run .During the apprenticeship ,apprentices and their ow ners are not pure different classes but equal companions .The state takes a patriarchic attitude towards naughty apprentices ,protecting and disciplining them .The social apprenticeships present a more complex look from the new perspective of society .