经济发达地区大龄女童生存的现状及问题——以浙江省为例

浙江省大龄女童在健康照料、人际关系、教育等方面的同男童的差异已不复存在,个别指标显示大龄女童的生存环境甚至优于同龄男童,但农村大龄女童生存依然面临严峻形势：奶制品和肉/鱼类的需求满足度低,缺少父母的监护而面临较高的生存风险,接受优质教育资源的机会较为稀缺,家庭学习条件差、期望学历层次低,遭受老师忽视和体罚的风险高。分析显示,大龄女童在健康照料方面不受＂代际＂因素的影响,而在教育、营养供给、体罚等方面有明显的＂代际＂印记。提高大龄女童生存品质需重点关注低教育程度家庭大龄女童的＂失学＂问题,留守＂大龄女童＂的健康和安全问题,以及农村大龄女童遭受父母的体罚问题。

The Living Conditions and Problems of Older Girls in the Developed Areas:the Case of Zhejiang Province

Gender differences between older girls and boys in the health care,interpersonal relationship,education and other as- pects havent existed.Individual indicators show that the living condition of older girls is even better than boys,but the survival of rural older girls is still facing a severe situation： the demand satisfaction level of dairy products and meat or fish is lower,the survival risk is higher due to lacking of parental care ,the opportunity of accepting high quality education resources is less, the family learning condition is poorer,the expected level of educational is lower,the risk of being ignored and physically punished by teacher is higher. An analysis shows that the older girl is not affected by the generational factor in health care ,but there are obvious generational differences in education ,nutrition supply ,physical punishment and so on. To improve the living quality of older girls, we need to focus on the out-of-school problem about older girls in the households with less education, the health and safety issues of left-behind older girls, and the problem of rural older girls physically punished by parents.