梁启超对戊戌变法的反思--兼评百年来学术界对变法失败原因的考察

梁启超在戊戌变法失败后,在不少论著中深刻反思变法的全过程,提出了许多有别于世人的观点.他认为变法本身没有错,问题的根本在于没有将他们的变法主张贯彻下去,除旧而不布新,变法而不变人,再加上光绪皇帝无权、守旧官僚反对,就无法使变法获得成功.这些看法对梁启超在20世纪初年乃至终身的思想观点都发生了较大的影响.一百多年来,学术界对变法失败的研究也出现了种种不同的观点.

Liang Qichao's Reflection on the Reform Movement of 1898 Remarks on the Study of 1898 Reform Movement in the last 100 years

After the Reform Movement of 1898 being crushed down,Liang Qichao deeply reflected on the whole process of the Movement and put forward many thoughtprovoking viewpoints in his works.According to him ,the Reform Movement itself can be justified,while its failure basically lies in the problem that the reform was not thoroughly carried out.The progressives tried to remove the old without setting up the new and carry out reform without replacing government officials,while Emperor Guangxu possessed no real power.Therefore,under the opposition of the conservative bureaucrats,the Reform Movement could not go far.These viewpoints affected his thoughts in early 20th century and the following years.In the past 100 years,Various opinions appeared in the study of the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898.